Journal: Aging (Albany NY)

Article Title: Age-related changes in eye lens biomechanics, morphology, refractive index and transparency

doi: 10.18632/aging.102584

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3D mesh and 2D contour plots of the gradient of refractive index (GRIN) in whole eyes from mice between 2 weeks to 24 months of age. Plots are through the mid-sagittal plane and the mid-coronal plane passing through each central lens nucleus. The anterior of the eye (A), the posterior of the eye (P) and the lens (L) are marked on the mid-sagittal views of the 2-week-old eye. The dotted line through the 2D sagittal view of the 2-week-old eye represents the location of the mid-coronal 3D and 2D heat maps. All images are oriented in the same direction. Colors reflect the magnitude of refractive index from low refractive index in dark blue (1.30) to high refractive index in dark red (1.55). The areas with highest refractive index are the lens. Mouse lens GRIN profiles are two-tiered with a ring of indentation (bright yellow) clearly seen in the 3D mesh plots. There is a cap region of high refractive index (red and orange) and a bottom region (yellow and green). There is an increase in the size of the cap region with age. These data show that GRIN in mouse lens develops by 2 weeks of age, and there is a rapid increase and plateau of maximum refractive index at the center of the lens with age.

Article Snippet: Refractive index values measured by X-ray Talbot interferometry were processed by MatLab software (2018a, MathWorks, Natick, MA) to generate 2D iso-indicial index contours and 3D meshed index profiles in the mid-sagittal plane of each mouse eye.

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Aging (Albany NY)

Article Title: Age-related changes in eye lens biomechanics, morphology, refractive index and transparency

doi: 10.18632/aging.102584

Figure Lengend Snippet: A comparison of the diameter of the cap region of high refractive index and the diameter of the extracted lens nucleus. The images show a representative mid-sagittal 2D contour plot and a representative lens nucleus with double-headed arrows indicating measured diameters. The graph compares the cap diameter in the sagittal 2D GRIN plot to the diameter of the lens nucleus. Lines on the plots reflect mean ± SD of n = at least 3 lenses from different mice per age. There was no statistically significant difference between the cap and nucleus diameters indicating that the area of high refractive index is directly correlated with the hard and compact lens nucleus. Scale bars, 1mm.

Article Snippet: Refractive index values measured by X-ray Talbot interferometry were processed by MatLab software (2018a, MathWorks, Natick, MA) to generate 2D iso-indicial index contours and 3D meshed index profiles in the mid-sagittal plane of each mouse eye.

Techniques: Comparison, Refractive Index

Journal: Aging (Albany NY)

Article Title: Age-related changes in eye lens biomechanics, morphology, refractive index and transparency

doi: 10.18632/aging.102584

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average GRIN profiles along the visual axis and maximum refractive index in lenses from mice between 2 weeks to 24 months of age. Lines on the plots reflect mean ± SD of n = at least 3 lenses from different mice per age. The graph next to the data plots shows the 95% confidence interval. Any comparisons not crossing the dotted line are statistically significant (p < 0.05). ( A ) Average GRIN profiles increased in magnitude until about 6 months of age and then remained relatively unchanged with age. There is a statistically significant difference between profiles of different ages, except between the 12 months and 24 months profiles. ( B ) Max refractive index is ~1.55 in mouse lenses. Maximum refractive index rapidly increases until 6 months of age and then remains steady after 6 months of age.

Article Snippet: Refractive index values measured by X-ray Talbot interferometry were processed by MatLab software (2018a, MathWorks, Natick, MA) to generate 2D iso-indicial index contours and 3D meshed index profiles in the mid-sagittal plane of each mouse eye.

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Aging (Albany NY)

Article Title: Age-related changes in eye lens biomechanics, morphology, refractive index and transparency

doi: 10.18632/aging.102584

Figure Lengend Snippet: Wild-type mouse lenses in the B6 genetic background showed increased volume, nucleus size and overall stiffness, changes in cell morphology and microstructure along with appearance of anterior, cortical and ring cataracts with age. Lens volume and nucleus volume increase steadily with age. The shape and size of lens fiber cells become more disorganized in aged lenses. With age, mouse lenses develop anterior and cortical cataracts. Anterior cataracts are correlated with detachment of the anterior epithelial cells from the underlying fiber cells. Cortical ring opacities in the aged lenses are due to a zone of compaction in the cortical fiber cells leading to an optical discontinuity. While there is a steady increase in lens stiffness with age, resilience, or lens elasticity, is only increased in very old lenses. The maximum refractive index at the center of the lens (nucleus) increases rapidly until 6 months of age and reaches a plateau at 6 months. Lens capsule thickness and fiber cell width remain steady after 4 months of age, while epithelial cell area increases slightly between 4 and 12 months of age. Cartoons not all drawn to scale.

Article Snippet: Refractive index values measured by X-ray Talbot interferometry were processed by MatLab software (2018a, MathWorks, Natick, MA) to generate 2D iso-indicial index contours and 3D meshed index profiles in the mid-sagittal plane of each mouse eye.

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic input parameters for cabotegravir.

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques: Molecular Weight, Protein Binding

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predicted vs. observed cabotegravir pharmacokinetics following single-dose IM administration of 2.5 mg cabotegravir in rats [ 25 ].

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predicted vs. observed cabotegravir pharmacokinetics following single-dose and once-weekly-dose MAP administration of 11.72 mg cabotegravir in rats [ 25 ].

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Observed vs. predicted concentration–time profile of cabotegravir after single-dose IM administration of 2.5 mg cabotegravir in rats. The red line represents the mean of the observed clinical data (µg/mL) . The blue line and shaded area represent the mean plasma concentration ± standard deviation (µg/mL) of the predicted data.

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Observed vs. predicted concentration–time profile of cabotegravir after single-dose MAP administration of 11.72 mg cabotegravir in rats. The red line represents the mean of the observed clinical data (µg/mL) . The blue line and shaded area represent the mean plasma concentration ± standard deviation (µg/mL) of the predicted data.

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Observed vs. predicted concentration time profile of cabotegravir after once-weekly-dose MAP administration of 11.72 mg cabotegravir in rats. The red line represents the mean of the observed clinical data (µg/mL) . The blue line and shaded area represent the mean plasma concentration ± standard deviation (µg/mL) of the predicted data.

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predicted vs. observed cabotegravir pharmacokinetics following single-dose IM administration of 800 mg cabotegravir in humans [ 25 ].

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Observed vs. predicted concentration time profile of cabotegravir after single-dose IM administration of 800 mg cabotegravir in humans. The red line represents the mean of the observed clinical data (µg/mL) . The blue line and shaded area represent the mean plasma concentration ± standard deviation (µg/mL) of the predicted data.

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabotegravir Microarray Patches in Rats and Humans

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122709

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predicted concentration–time profiles of cabotegravir following once-weekly MAP administration. The blue, green and yellow lines represent the mean plasma concentrations (µg/mL) of 300 mg (51.2 cm 2 ), 150 mg (25.6 cm 2 ) and 75 mg (12.8 cm 2 ) for cabotegravir MAP administration, respectively. The red and purple dashed lines represent the minimum cabotegravir target concentrations of 4 × PA-IC 90 (0.664 µg/mL) and 8 × PA-IC 90 (1.33 µg/mL), respectively.

Article Snippet: A PBPK model was developed for the prediction of cabotegravir pharmacokinetics in Simbiology v5.8, a product of Matlab 2018a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay